Coronial
VIChospital

Finding into death of RD Z

Deceased

RDZ

Demographics

11y, male

Coroner

Coroner Dimitra Dubrow

Date of death

2022-03-24

Finding date

2024-11-22

Cause of death

complications of bowel obstruction in the setting of chronic constipation

AI-generated summary

RDZ was an 11-year-old Aboriginal boy who died from complications of bowel obstruction secondary to chronic constipation with a fecalith. He had been under paediatric care for years with multiple admissions for bowel washouts. Despite referral to RCH paediatric surgery in 2021, his examination under anaesthesia was delayed until after the surgeon's leave, scheduled for February 2022. On 23 March 2022, the family ran out of Parachoc (liquid paraffin) due to financial constraints, leading to rapid deterioration. He presented to Bairnsdale ED on 24 March with severe abdominal distension, lactic acidosis, and signs of shock. Critical gaps in emergency care included incomplete triage assessment, absent blood pressure recordings throughout ED stay, and placement in an unmonitored room. He was transferred to RCH where emergency surgery revealed massive fecal impaction, megacolon, and hypoganglionosis. Despite surgery and intensive care, he died from multi-organ failure and uncontrollable bleeding. Key preventable factors included: failure to refer to Wadja Aboriginal support services, inadequate coordination between rural and tertiary services, financial barriers to medications, and systemic ED assessment failures.

AI-generated summary and tagging — may contain inaccuracies; refer to original finding for legal purposes. Report an inaccuracy.

Specialties

gastroenterologypaediatric surgeryemergency medicineintensive carepaediatrics

Error types

diagnosticcommunicationsystemdelay

Drugs involved

macrogolparachocamoxicillingentamicinmetronidazoleglycoprep

Clinical conditions

chronic constipationfecal impactionfaecalithbowel obstructionmegacolonhypoganglionosisacute kidney injurylactic acidosisshockabdominal compartment syndromecoagulopathyacute liver injurymulti-organ failurehaemorrhagic shock

Procedures

laparotomybowel resectionstoma formationexamination under anaesthesiarectal biopsynasogastric tube insertionhaemodialysis

Contributing factors

  • chronic refractory constipation with fecalith formation
  • financial inability to afford Parachoc (liquid paraffin) laxative medication
  • delayed specialist surgical review and examination under anaesthesia
  • failure to refer to Wadja Aboriginal support services despite identification of vulnerability
  • inadequate care coordination between rural primary care (GEGAC) and tertiary services (RCH)
  • incomplete triage assessment in ED
  • absent blood pressure recordings throughout ED stay
  • placement in unmonitored waiting room (Warrawee Room)
  • inadequate vital signs monitoring in ED
  • delay in antibiotic administration
  • missed surgical appointment on 10 August 2021 due to family arriving late without support
  • prolonged waitlist for elective surgery exacerbated by COVID-19 pandemic impacts
  • likely congenital hypoganglionosis (reduced nerve cells) not diagnosed until autopsy
  • access block in ED contributing to breached triage wait times

Coroner's recommendations

  1. That the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee consider liquid paraffin and/or other lubricant laxatives for recommendation to be added to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for use in chronic constipation or faecal impaction not adequately controlled with first line interventions such as bulk-forming agents
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