An 11-day-old neonate died from disseminated HSV-1 infection acquired perinatally. She presented with sepsis-like symptoms including lethargy, poor feeding, fever and respiratory signs. Clinical management was appropriate and timely, with empirical antibiotics initiated for suspected bacterial sepsis. HSV was not suspected due to lack of documented maternal genital HSV or postnatal exposure. A delay occurred in communicating abnormal coagulation results from the laboratory, which were initially thought contaminated. While earlier lumbar puncture and cranial ultrasound would have been appropriate, the coroner found these would not have changed the outcome. The death was unavoidable given the rapid progression of disseminated disease and high mortality rate (70% untreated, 29% treated). System improvements implemented include clearer escalation pathways for critical pathology results.
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Perinatal acquisition of HSV-1 from maternal genital infection
Rapid progression of disseminated disease
Delay in recognising and communicating markedly abnormal coagulation results
Difficulty diagnosing HSV in disseminated disease presenting as sepsis-like illness
Coroner's recommendations
Northern Hospital should consult with Victorian paediatric tertiary hospitals such as the Royal Children's Hospital and the Monash Children's Hospital regarding the process of alerting clinicians of abnormal/unexpected coagulation results in children aged under 12 years, and what should occur in the event of contaminated or unreliable results, to ensure alignment with standard Victorian practice
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