Generalised tonic-clonic seizure and cardiac arrest arising from severe hypertensive encephalopathy in labour
AI-generated summary
An 18-year-old pregnant woman presented in labour at 41 weeks and 2 days gestation. From 23 September onwards, she experienced intermittent headaches, epigastric pain, proteinuria and peripheral oedema. At 1755 hours on 6 October, her blood pressure was recorded as 200/120 mmHg but was not treated with antihypertensive medication or magnesium sulphate. Instead, the treating anaesthetist administered additional epidural analgesia, expecting this to lower blood pressure. At 1810 hours she became drowsy with eyelid flickering. At 1817 hours she suffered a generalised seizure caused by hypertensive encephalopathy. She arrested at 1823 hours; resuscitation commenced at 1826 hours (3-minute delay). She died at 1901 hours despite resuscitation. The coroner found that treatment with intravenous labetalol and magnesium sulphate at 1755 hours would have prevented the seizure and death. The failure to provide this treatment fell below the accepted standard of care.
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epidural catheter insertionartificial rupture of membranesendotracheal intubation attemptsbag and mask ventilationcardiopulmonary resuscitationemergency caesarean section
Contributing factors
Failure to treat severe hypertension (200/120 mmHg) with intravenous labetalol and magnesium sulphate at 1755 hours despite identification and reporting of elevated blood pressure
Delay of 3 minutes in commencing cardiac compressions after cardiac arrest
Treatment of elevated blood pressure with additional epidural analgesia rather than antihypertensive agents
Failure to recognise drowsiness and eyelid flickering as signs of hypertensive encephalopathy
Failure to insert laryngeal mask after first failed intubation attempt
Coroner's recommendations
A copy of the Finding be provided to the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists regarding the management of hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy
A copy of the Finding be provided to the Royal Australasian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists regarding hypertensive management in labour
A copy of the Finding be provided to the Society of Obstetric Medicine in Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ) regarding whether the recommended dose of intravenous labetalol for treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy should be given in aliquots of 20 mg only rather than higher single doses
A copy of the Finding be provided to the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
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