Multisystem organ failure secondary to acute liver failure associated with paracetamol toxicity
AI-generated summary
Elsa Harrington, a 45-year-old woman, died from acute liver failure secondary to paracetamol toxicity in November 2002. She was admitted post-hysterectomy with bowel obstruction and underwent adhesion surgery. Following surgery, she received therapeutic doses of paracetamol and developed abnormal liver function tests on 8 November. However, clinicians failed to recognise these as paracetamol-related, instead attributing them to post-operative complications. Critical failures in communication and handover meant senior consultants were not notified of her deteriorating condition until Sunday, 48+ hours later. Her mental status changes (reflecting early hepatic encephalopathy) and reduced urine output were not recognised as indicators of acute liver failure. While paracetamol toxicity at therapeutic doses was poorly recognised in the medical literature at that time, earlier recognition of abnormal liver function tests, discontinuation of paracetamol, and prompt escalation to senior clinicians might have allowed earlier N-acetylcysteine treatment. The coroner identified systemic failures in communication, handover practices, and the lack of holistic clinical assessment as contributing factors.
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Specialties
general surgerycardiologyintensive carepathology
Error types
diagnosticcommunicationsystemdelay
Drugs involved
paracetamolacetylcysteine
Clinical conditions
paracetamol toxicityfulminant hepatocellular necrosisacute liver failuremultisystem organ failurehepatic encephalopathybowel adhesionspost-operative small bowel obstructioncoagulopathymetabolic acidosisacute kidney injury
Failure to recognise abnormal liver function tests as paracetamol-related toxicity
Continued prescription of paracetamol despite elevated liver enzymes
Poor communication between intern, registrar and consultant
Failure to escalate clinical concerns to senior clinicians
Inadequate handover of clinical information between covering doctors
Lack of holistic assessment of clinical deterioration
Failure to follow-up on previously ordered investigations
Failure to recognise signs of hepatic encephalopathy (altered mental status)
Limited awareness in medical profession of paracetamol toxicity at therapeutic doses
After-hours staffing model limiting continuity of care
Coroner's recommendations
Commend the work of Dr L. and colleagues for highlighting the risk of accidental paracetamol poisoning in the Medical Journal of Australia
Recommend that the Australian Medical Association (AMA Victoria) and the College of General Practitioners collaborate to implement a medical profession and public awareness raising program regarding the risks of accidental paracetamol poisoning
Recommend that the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) update their bulletins and alerts on the risks associated with accidental paracetamol poisoning and consider mandating improvements to consumer information regarding these risks
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