Jennifer Collins, a 30-year-old intravenous methylamphetamine user, died from tricuspid valve bacterial endocarditis on 6 September 2018. She presented to Noarlunga Hospital ED on 20 August 2018 with chest tightness, fever, and tachycardia (heart rate 150). The ED did not perform blood cultures or investigate for pulmonary embolism, discharging her with a diagnosis of viral illness. Four days later, paramedic Shaun Falls attended her home but failed to explore her chest pain complaint, misrecorded her elevated heart rate (136-137 bpm as 110-112 bpm), and recommended GP follow-up rather than hospital transport. She died two days later. Expert evidence confirmed that blood cultures on 20 August would likely have identified endocarditis and prevention of death was the probable outcome. Critical failures included failure to obtain blood cultures in a high-risk IVDU patient with fever and chest pain, failure to investigate for pulmonary embolism, inadequate handover of information from paramedics to hospital, and paramedic failure to adequately assess and escalate a deteriorating patient.
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Specialties
emergency medicinecardiologyparamedicineinfectious diseasesgeneral practice
blood cultureelectrocardiogramchest X-raytroponin testc-reactive protein test
Contributing factors
failure to obtain blood cultures in high-risk IVDU patient with fever and chest pain
failure to investigate for pulmonary embolism
inappropriate application of Duke Criteria to exclude infective endocarditis from differential diagnosis
paramedic failure to explore chest pain complaint
paramedic misrecording of heart rate readings
paramedic downgrading of response priority before assessment
paramedic cancellation of transport ambulance without adequate assessment
inadequate communication of SAAS findings to hospital
intravenous drug use complicating clinical assessment
Coroner's recommendations
Education and information on the diagnosis of infective endocarditis, particularly its prevalence with known illicit intravenous drug users, be disseminated throughout the Local Health Networks of South Australia
Consideration be given by all parties to an in principle review and/or review of information sharing protocols and systems between hospitals and the SA Ambulance Service in order to provide the most complete history for medical officers dealing with patients who have had involvement with ambulance services out of hospital, relevant to the presentation in hospital
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