Retropubic and retroperitoneal haemorrhage complicating pelvic fractures with contributing warfarin anticoagulation and ischaemic and hypertensive heart disease
AI-generated summary
An 81-year-old man died from retropubic and retroperitoneal haemorrhage complicating pelvic fractures sustained in a fall at church. He was on warfarin for atrial fibrillation with an excessive INR of 4.6 at the time of injury. Critical failures included: (1) no INR testing on emergency admission despite warfarin use—a routine test that would have revealed over-anticoagulation; (2) failure to recognize bleeding risk from minimally displaced pelvic fractures combined with excessive anticoagulation; (3) no medical review overnight despite deteriorating vital signs (hypotension, bradycardia, desaturation); and (4) misdiagnosis of dehydration/possible MI on morning review, without considering pelvic bleeding as the primary differential. A CT scan would likely have identified the bleeding. Expert opinion suggested survival was probable if bleeding had been identified and managed by morning, using anticoagulation reversal, transfusion, and ICU care.
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Excessive anticoagulation (INR 4.6, therapeutic range 2-3)
Pelvic fracture from fall
Failure to perform INR testing on emergency admission
Failure to recognize bleeding risk in anticoagulated patient with pelvic trauma
Failure to medically review patient overnight despite deteriorating vital signs
Misdiagnosis of presenting problem as dehydration and possible myocardial infarction
Administration of indocid (NSAID) overnight, which increases bleeding risk
Failure to perform CT scan to identify bleeding
Inadequate fluid resuscitation rate
Absence of medical practitioner on medical ward overnight
Coroner's recommendations
St Andrews Hospital ensure that patients with pelvic fractures who present in an anticoagulated or over-anticoagulated state be subject to the closest observation possible, including: regular monitoring of vital signs, regular observation of renal function, fluid balance observations and recording, regular testing of haemoglobin and state of anticoagulation, and constant observation of clinical presentation
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