Coronial
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Coroner's Finding: TRENGROVE Ian

Deceased

Ian Trengove

Demographics

81y, male

Date of death

2008-03-30

Finding date

2011-06-22

Cause of death

Retropubic and retroperitoneal haemorrhage complicating pelvic fractures with contributing warfarin anticoagulation and ischaemic and hypertensive heart disease

AI-generated summary

An 81-year-old man died from retropubic and retroperitoneal haemorrhage complicating pelvic fractures sustained in a fall at church. He was on warfarin for atrial fibrillation with an excessive INR of 4.6 at the time of injury. Critical failures included: (1) no INR testing on emergency admission despite warfarin use—a routine test that would have revealed over-anticoagulation; (2) failure to recognize bleeding risk from minimally displaced pelvic fractures combined with excessive anticoagulation; (3) no medical review overnight despite deteriorating vital signs (hypotension, bradycardia, desaturation); and (4) misdiagnosis of dehydration/possible MI on morning review, without considering pelvic bleeding as the primary differential. A CT scan would likely have identified the bleeding. Expert opinion suggested survival was probable if bleeding had been identified and managed by morning, using anticoagulation reversal, transfusion, and ICU care.

AI-generated summary and tagging — may contain inaccuracies; refer to original finding for legal purposes. Report an inaccuracy.

Specialties

emergency medicinegeneral medicineintensive carecardiologyhaematology

Error types

diagnosticcommunicationdelaysystem

Drugs involved

warfarinmorphinemetoclopramideoxycodoneparacetamolprochlorperazineindocid

Clinical conditions

pelvic fractureretropubic haemorrhageretroperitoneal haemorrhageatrial fibrillationischaemic heart diseasehypertensive heart diseasewarfarin over-anticoagulationacute renal impairmenthypotensionbradycardiahypoxia

Procedures

pelvic x-rayblood testingindwelling catheter insertion

Contributing factors

  • Excessive anticoagulation (INR 4.6, therapeutic range 2-3)
  • Pelvic fracture from fall
  • Failure to perform INR testing on emergency admission
  • Failure to recognize bleeding risk in anticoagulated patient with pelvic trauma
  • Failure to medically review patient overnight despite deteriorating vital signs
  • Misdiagnosis of presenting problem as dehydration and possible myocardial infarction
  • Administration of indocid (NSAID) overnight, which increases bleeding risk
  • Failure to perform CT scan to identify bleeding
  • Inadequate fluid resuscitation rate
  • Absence of medical practitioner on medical ward overnight

Coroner's recommendations

  1. St Andrews Hospital ensure that patients with pelvic fractures who present in an anticoagulated or over-anticoagulated state be subject to the closest observation possible, including: regular monitoring of vital signs, regular observation of renal function, fluid balance observations and recording, regular testing of haemoglobin and state of anticoagulation, and constant observation of clinical presentation
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