Coronial
QLDhospital

Non-inquest findings into the death of HK, a five year old boy

Demographics

5y, male

Coroner

Kirkegaard

Date of death

2022-05-23

Finding date

2024-09-20

Cause of death

Septic shock due to Influenza A infection and bacterial co-infection with Staphylococcus aureus or Group A Streptococcus

AI-generated summary

A 5-year-old boy died from septic shock complicating influenza A with bacterial co-infection (Staphylococcus aureus or Group A Streptococcus). He presented to the ED on 22 May 2022 with fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting, was assessed by a junior doctor supervised by a senior paediatrician, and discharged home with viral illness presumed. Critically, repeat vital signs were not obtained before discharge despite tachycardia (149 bpm) at 7:21 pm. He re-presented moribund 12 hours later in cardiac arrest. Clinical lessons include: sepsis was not actively considered in the differential; the Queensland Paediatric Sepsis Pathway was not used; repeat observations before discharge two hours after the abnormal heart rate were not performed; and the elevated Children's Early Warning Tool score may not have been escalated appropriately. While the coroner acknowledges early clinical assessment appeared reasonable given the non-specific presentation, the case highlights the importance of explicit sepsis consideration, systematic use of sepsis pathways, repeated observations in short-stay units, and appropriate safety netting in febrile children.

AI-generated summary and tagging — may contain inaccuracies; refer to original finding for legal purposes. Report an inaccuracy.

Specialties

emergency medicineinfectious diseasesgeneral practice

Error types

diagnosticcommunicationprocedural

Clinical conditions

sepsisseptic shockinfluenza asecondary bacterial infectionlaryngotracheobronchitisbronchiolitismyocarditispericarditisacute febrile illness

Contributing factors

  • sepsis not actively considered in differential diagnosis
  • Queensland Paediatric Sepsis Pathway not used
  • repeat observations not performed before discharge despite documented tachycardia
  • elevated Children's Early Warning Tool score not escalated
  • unclear documentation of clinical course between 7:21 pm and discharge
  • limited safety netting discussion regarding sepsis warning signs
  • high ED activity with multiple presentations
  • ambiguous documentation combining early and late assessments

Coroner's recommendations

  1. Ensure at least hourly observations in children's Short Stay Unit including within one hour of discharge unless otherwise specified by medical officer
  2. Respond to abnormal observations according to the relevant Children's Early Warning Tool score actions
  3. Consider use of Queensland Paediatric Sepsis Pathway to prompt clearer documentation and repeated clinical assessment prior to discharge
  4. Provide written sepsis pathway safety netting materials for families to take away
  5. Specifically ask all patients, especially those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, if they feel safe being discharged and if their concerns have been addressed
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