58-year-old man with chronic back pain, paranoid schizophrenia, and decades-long prescription opioid and benzodiazepine abuse died from heroin toxicity. He had been successfully withdrawn from opioids (MS Contin, Endone) during a March 2016 hospital admission and referred to rehabilitation. He self-discharged from the Adult Step Up Step Down program on 17 May 2016 against medical advice after staff withheld benzodiazepines due to over-sedation. Five days later, he injected heroin with a companion who observed signs of overdose but believed he had recovered. He was found deceased the following morning. Clinical lessons include: coordinating care between multiple prescribers (GPs, pain management, mental health) to prevent polypharmacy and drug-seeking behaviours; recognising that patients with established addiction patterns may transition to illicit drugs when prescription access is restricted; and ensuring robust follow-up after early self-discharge from rehabilitation programs, particularly for patients with known substance abuse.
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Specialties
psychiatrypain medicineemergency medicinegeneral practiceaddiction medicine
heroin toxicityopioid use disorderbenzodiazepine abuseparanoid schizophreniascheuermann's diseasechronic back painmedication seeking behaviour
Contributing factors
self-discharge from rehabilitation program against medical advice
long-standing prescription opioid and benzodiazepine abuse
cessation of opioid prescription leading to illicit drug use
lack of engagement with follow-up services after discharge
underlying paranoid schizophrenia
chronic back pain (Scheuermann's disease)
social isolation and poor self-care
Coroner's recommendations
Introduction of technology to track pharmacotherapy treatment to avoid over-prescription, particularly in patients with documented drug-seeking behaviours
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