Coronial
VIChospital

Finding into death of Robert Thoai Dao

Deceased

Robert Thoai Dao

Demographics

73y, male

Coroner

Coroner Simon McGregor

Date of death

2023-05-25

Finding date

2025-09-30

Cause of death

Complications of cervical fractures and spinal injury (operated), sustained in a fall

AI-generated summary

A 73-year-old man with multiple comorbidities (diabetes, cardiac disease, liver cancer) slipped on wet tiles outside McDonald's and sustained cervical and thoracic spine fractures with spinal cord injury. Attending paramedics failed to follow Ambulance Victoria spinal injury guidelines, treating it as a simple fall despite dispatch information indicating a potentially dangerous injury. They did not perform neurological examination, moved the patient inadequately, lacked shared decision-making, and allowed cognitive bias and external pressures (rain, traffic queue) to influence hasty extrication. While the paramedics' substandard care likely worsened his injuries, the coroner could not definitively establish it independently caused death given his age and comorbidities. The case demonstrates critical failures in guideline adherence, assessment protocols, and teamwork in pre-hospital care.

AI-generated summary and tagging — may contain inaccuracies; refer to original finding for legal purposes. Report an inaccuracy.

Specialties

paramedicineemergency medicineneurosurgeryintensive carespinal surgery

Error types

diagnosticproceduralcommunicationsystem

Clinical conditions

cervical spine fracturethoracic spine fracturespinal cord injuryneurogenic shockventilator-associated pneumoniatype 2 diabetesischaemic heart diseasehypertensionobstructive sleep apnoealiver cancer

Procedures

spinal surgeryintubationneurological examinationcomputed tomographymagnetic resonance imaging

Contributing factors

  • Paramedics treated incident as simple fall despite dispatch indicating potentially dangerous body area injury
  • Failure to follow CPG A0101 Clinical Approach guideline - incomplete assessment and no mechanism of injury analysis
  • Failure to follow CPG A0805 Spinal Injury guideline - no neurological examination prior to extrication
  • Patient moved prior to complete assessment despite being unable to remain sitting without support
  • Lack of shared care decision-making between paramedics
  • Lead paramedic spoke Vietnamese with family member excluding second paramedic from assessment
  • Critical medical history not obtained - missed extensive cardiac disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension
  • Cognitive bias and premature diagnostic closure from 'slipped over' description
  • External pressures influencing clinical decision-making: rain and traffic queue behind ambulance
  • Inadequate neurological assessment and spinal clearance checklist not applied
  • No informed consent obtained for extrication

Coroner's recommendations

  1. Refer the paramedics involved to the Paramedicine Board of Australia and the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) for consideration of these circumstances
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