Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy complicating cardiac arrest of unknown aetiology in a woman with type 2 diabetes, WHO Class III obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea and recent administration initiating dose of slow-release buprenorphine
AI-generated summary
Heather Calgaret, a 30-year-old Aboriginal woman, died from hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy after being administered a first dose of buprenorphine (Buvidal) injection without prior stabilisation on sublingual Suboxone. She was opioid-naïve or with very low tolerance, obese (BMI 54), had poorly controlled diabetes, and was prescribed quetiapine. Following injection on 22 November 2021, she experienced symptoms consistent with opioid intoxication (nausea, vomiting, drowsiness). While asleep that night, she likely experienced respiratory depression from the combination of buprenorphine, obesity, likely sleep apnoea, and quetiapine. Clinical lessons: (1) direct initiation to long-acting injectable buprenorphine without stabilisation violates established guidelines and is inappropriate for opioid-naïve patients; (2) post-dose monitoring must be explicitly arranged and documented when departing from standard practice; (3) metabolic syndrome and obesity must be identified early and managed holistically; (4) Aboriginal prisoners require culturally safe, trauma-informed care with access to psychology services; (5) parole processes must enable timely APB consideration.
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Specialties
general practiceaddiction medicinepsychiatryemergency medicinecardiologytoxicologyforensic medicine
Direct initiation to long-acting injectable buprenorphine without stabilisation on sublingual buprenorphine
Opioid naïvety or very low opioid tolerance
WHO Class III obesity with likely obstructive sleep apnoea
Quetiapine use (CNS depressant interactions)
Type 2 diabetes with poor control
Cardiac hypertrophy and coronary artery disease
Lack of post-dose monitoring
Inadequate assessment of collateral opioid history
Depression and trauma following child removal from care
Insufficient mental health support including lack of psychology services
Weight gain and metabolic syndrome not managed holistically
Coroner's recommendations
Justice Health investigate and establish appropriate measures to ensure women who give birth in custody or proximate to remand are adequately screened and monitored for post-natal mental health symptoms with automatic referral to Forensicare
Justice Health investigate and establish appropriate measures to support women refused access to Living with Mum Program following removal of newborn, including automatic referral to Forensicare
Justice Health modify JCare to allow weights and girths to be entered as specific entries with alerts for significant weight increases
Justice Health engage with government and stakeholders to improve access to psychological services for women at DPFC
Justice Health collaborate with health service providers to ensure 2023 Quality Framework compliance including multidisciplinary reviews for complex cases, regular pharmacological reviews, baseline testing before psychotropic medication, proper documentation of chronic health care plans, and identification of ongoing health deterioration
Justice Health continue exploring in-reach models for Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations and engage with ACCOs to co-design auditing tools for oversight
Endorse Ombudsman's Report recommendations regarding Aboriginal Community-Controlled Organisations involvement, Justice Health capacity-building, contract variations, audit frameworks, and Aboriginal health professional development
DJCS investigate ways to ensure parole application process is timely, consistent with Commissioner's Requirement 2.6.1, supports Aboriginal self-determination, complies with Recommendation 119 RCIADIC, and respects Charter equality rights particularly for women's access to treatment programs
DJCS explore ways to ensure Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander parole applicants are assigned an Aboriginal Case Manager
DJCS in consultation with Yilam explore improved support for Aboriginal parole applicants
DJCS in consultation with Yilam raise through Aboriginal Justice Forum concerns about parole process potentially undermining sentence integrity and reducing supervision periods
Endorse Justice Review recommendations that Corrections and Justice Services update Practice Guidelines regarding program availability information, clarification of community program options, and documentation of parole officer engagement
Justice Health ensure all staff including agency staff are adequately trained in prison processes including Code Black response and emergency equipment use prior to employment and receive regular refresher training
Justice Health audit all health service providers to ensure emergency medical equipment is regularly checked and maintained
Justice Health work with health service providers to ensure all staff and officers receive training in drug overdoses and naloxone administration
Justice Health work with health service providers to provide clear practical training to all staff on basic life support, care escalation and emergency management in prison environment with practical resources
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