Michelle Hughes, a 53-year-old woman serving her first prison sentence for assault committed during drug-induced psychosis, died by ligature strangulation in her cell at Dame Phyllis Frost Centre Women's Prison on 26 January 2017. She had a complex psychiatric history including bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and delusional disorder, with multiple prior episodes of serious self-harm. On 25 January 2017, Registered Nurse Pare conducted an 'at risk' assessment following observation of bruising around her neck. The assessment was conducted through a cell door window, with limited direct observation. Pare concluded Ms Hughes was not at immediate risk and maintained her S4 rating (lowest risk category). The Coroner found the assessment was 'a background circumstance' rather than a cause of death, though noted Pare probably should have rated her S3 given her history. Critical clinical lessons include: (1) at-risk assessments are ephemeral and may be manipulated by patients; (2) single-point-in-time risk assessments have limited predictive value for suicide risk that may change rapidly; (3) assessment through a cell door window severely limited clinical evaluation; (4) hourly observations by untrained officers checking only for signs of life are ineffective prevention strategies. The coroner recommended investigation of continuous vital signs monitoring for high-risk prisoners.
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Complex psychiatric history with bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and delusional disorder
Prior serious self-harm behaviour and suicide attempts
Recent discharge from specialist psychiatric inpatient unit with transfer to primary care mental health
Patient's decision to cease psychiatric medication against medical advice
Bullying and social difficulties in mainstream prison environment
Limited assessment methodology - evaluation through cell door window only
Single point-in-time risk assessment not capturing dynamic changes in mental state
Transference of care from specialist to primary mental health provider
Coroner's recommendations
Investigate the viability, utility and implementation of a process by which vital signs of prisoners at the Dame Phyllis Frost Centre who are assessed as S1-S3 can be continually remotely electronically monitored and recorded in real time and in such a manner that prison guards are immediately alerted to aberrant fluctuation
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