Complications of atraumatic bilateral femoral fractures (repaired) during a seizure in the setting of Down Syndrome
AI-generated summary
Mark O'Brien, a 56-year-old man with Down syndrome and dementia, sustained multiple seizure-related bilateral femoral fractures. A subtle posterior cortical fracture to his left femur, sustained during a seizure on 15 June 2019, was not identified on initial imaging on 17 June 2019, despite clinical concerns about pain and reluctance to mobilise. The fracture went undiagnosed for 9 days until a CT scan on 26 June 2019, during which time Mr O'Brien continued rehabilitation on an unstable leg. He suffered a third seizure on 19 July 2019 with further fracture displacement, was palliated, and died three days later. The initial misdiagnosis occurred partly because the fracture was rare and subtle, located at the imaging periphery, and the radiological referral lacked clinical context about the recent seizure and pain. Monash Health implemented educational measures and augmented staff orientation programs to reinforce complete clinical information in imaging requests.
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Specialties
orthopaedic surgerygeriatric medicineradiologyneurologyintensive care
Error types
diagnosticcommunication
Drugs involved
sodium valproate
Clinical conditions
Down syndromedementia (Alzheimer's disease)bilateral femoral fracturesseizuresosteoporosisaspiration pneumoniadeliriumdeformity with displacement
Procedures
bilateral femoral fracture surgical repairhip x-rayCT scan of hipsplain radiographs
Contributing factors
Failure to identify subtle posterior cortical left femoral fracture on initial imaging (17 June 2019)
Lack of clinical context in radiological referral (recent seizure and pain not communicated)
Continued mobilisation and rehabilitation on undiagnosed fractured limb for 9 days
Difficult clinical assessment due to impaired cognition and communication difficulties
Absence of communication aid during hospital admission
Complex medical presentation with seizures, dementia, and delirium obscuring diagnosis
Coroner's recommendations
Monash Imaging and Monash Health to augment annual orientation program for new medical staff to reinforce importance of ensuring complete medical information is contained in procedure requests, including patient's current presentation and clinical indicators for referral
Mr O'Brien's case to be referenced as an example in the augmented orientation program
Monash Imaging to continue using Mr O'Brien's case as a teaching and peer learning example regarding abnormalities at the periphery of radiographs and rare fractures in education sessions and quarterly consultant council meetings
Related teaching vignette to be prepared and distributed to all diagnostic imaging medical staff
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