A 76-year-old woman with Ludwig's angina presented to urgent care with facial swelling and fever. She was appropriately diagnosed and arrangements made for transfer to a tertiary centre. However, staff failed to recognise the risk of rapid airway compromise despite documented clinical deterioration (increased noise in breathing, worsening swelling, difficulty swallowing). Escalation to senior staff and appropriate communication did not occur. Transfer was arranged via standard ambulance rather than the specialised retrieval service (ARV), which was indicated for this complex, time-critical case. The patient developed acute airway obstruction during transfer, suffered cardiac arrest and hypoxic brain injury. Key lessons: Ludwig's angina requires recognition of airway compromise risk (may not present with stridor), urgent escalation protocols, and appropriate retrieval coordination for critically unwell patients from rural centres.
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Specialties
emergency medicinedentistryoral and maxillofacial surgeryENT surgeryintensive careparamedicinegeneral practice
cardiopulmonary resuscitationlaryngeal mask insertionendotracheal intubationinter-hospital transfer
Contributing factors
failure to recognise potential for rapid airway compromise despite clinical deterioration
inadequate escalation of deteriorating patient at Castlemaine UCC
poor communication and monitoring at Castlemaine UCC
inappropriate transfer platform (standard ambulance rather than ARV for time-critical complex case)
lack of familiarity with Ludwig's angina diagnosis among UCC staff
unclear hospital transfer procedures regarding ARV versus AV coordination
paramedics did not recognise airway obstruction risk
Coroner's recommendations
Castlemaine Health review and clarify its Hospital Transfer Procedure's referral pathways to ARV and AV, so as to ensure critically unwell patients are transported as safely as possible
Safer Care Victoria, in consultation with AV and ARV, provide education to rural and remote Emergency Departments and Urgent Care Centres on the role and responsibilities of ARV
Castlemaine Hospital revisit its case review report in this matter, so as to reassess issues regarding staff communication and education on upper airway obstruction
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