Marie Goder, an 84-year-old with diabetes, developed severe hypoglycaemia following insulin administration at a nursing home on 1 November 2009, resulting in prolonged unconsciousness and bilateral cerebral infarcts. After 8 units of Actrapid insulin at 21:15, no blood glucose level (BGL) monitoring was documented until 5:05 am the next morning when she was found unresponsive with a BGL of 0.8 mmol/L. The coroner identified multiple deficiencies: inadequate BGL monitoring despite sliding-scale insulin requiring close supervision; poor documentation of medication administration and BGLs; use of short-acting insulin in a nursing home setting without adequate staffing or protocols; lack of clear therapeutic goals; and failure to appreciate the significant risk of hypoglycaemia in elderly diabetics. Key lessons include the need for clear diabetes management protocols, frequent BGL monitoring when using sliding-scale insulin, adequate nursing staff, proper documentation, and consideration of hospital admission when nursing home resources are insufficient.
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Specialties
general practicegeneral medicinegeriatric medicine
Error types
diagnosticmedicationsystemcommunication
Drugs involved
actrapidmetforminclonazepamphenytoinglucagon
Clinical conditions
diabetes mellitus type 2hypoglycaemiacerebral infarctionwatershed infarctshyperglycaemiainfectionsepsisseizuresheart failurepneumonia
Contributing factors
Inadequate blood glucose monitoring after sliding-scale insulin administration
Lack of documentation of blood glucose levels and medication administration
Inappropriate use of short-acting sliding-scale insulin in aged care nursing home setting
Insufficient nursing staff and resources for intensive insulin monitoring
Absence of clear therapeutic goals and diabetes management protocols
Failure to appreciate and communicate risks of hypoglycaemia in elderly diabetics
Lack of coordination between visiting doctors and nursing staff
Infection contributing to hyperglycaemia
Coroner's recommendations
Regis Waverley Gardens to further review nursing management of residents' diabetic conditions and consider implementing the Australian Commission for Quality and Safety National Residential Medication Chart (NRMC) when available
Royal Australian College of General Practitioners to reinforce to all members the importance of correctly implementing the clinical guideline for management of type 2 diabetes as detailed in the 2011 Diabetes Australia 'Diabetes Management Guideline in General Practice'
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