Coronial
SAcommunity

Coroner's Finding: WALLACE James William

Deceased

James William Wallace

Demographics

39y, male

Date of death

2008-02-23

Finding date

2010-10-28

Cause of death

rhabdomyolysis complicating cocaine toxicity against a background of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease

AI-generated summary

A 39-year-old man with undiagnosed atherosclerotic coronary artery disease died from rhabdomyolysis complicating cocaine toxicity. He exhibited cocaine-induced excited delirium with erratic dangerous driving and bizarre behaviour. Police and paramedics restrained him for transport to hospital. A paramedic administered 2mg IV midazolam to facilitate transfer. Within 20 seconds, he became unresponsive and shortly after suffered cardiorespiratory arrest requiring resuscitation. He sustained severe hypoxic brain injury and died 2 days later. The coroner found the restraint and sedation were appropriate and lawfully justified. However, the manner of midazolam administration was criticised - it was given as a continuous 'slow push' without pausing to observe patient response, rather than in smaller increments as recommended. The recommendation focuses on ensuring paramedics administer sedatives incrementally with clinical observation.

AI-generated summary and tagging — may contain inaccuracies; refer to original finding for legal purposes. Report an inaccuracy.

Specialties

emergency medicineintensive careforensic medicinetoxicologypharmacology

Error types

medication

Drugs involved

cocainemethamphetaminemidazolamcannabis

Clinical conditions

cocaine toxicityexcited deliriumrhabdomyolysisatherosclerotic coronary artery diseasecardiorespiratory arresthypoxic brain injuryhyperthermia

Procedures

intravenous cannulationintravenous drug administrationcardiopulmonary resuscitation

Contributing factors

  • cocaine ingestion with excited delirium
  • undiagnosed coronary artery disease with 75% right coronary artery stenosis
  • exertion and agitation
  • hyperthermia (40.5°C on admission)
  • physical restraint during apprehension

Coroner's recommendations

  1. The Medical Director of SAAS should issue a guideline describing the method of administration of midazolam in accordance with evidence by Professor Jason White, specifically requiring incremental administration that allows gradual assessment of patient reaction rather than continuous administration
  2. These findings should be distributed to all police officers to better inform them about excited delirium and the possible effects of substances such as cocaine on behaviour
Full text

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