Coronial
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Coroner's Finding: EDWARDS Ruby Mabel

Deceased

Ruby Mabel Edwards

Demographics

77y, female

Date of death

2003-09-30

Finding date

2006-04-21

Cause of death

haemorrhagic diathesis due to warfarin toxicity

AI-generated summary

Ruby Mabel Edwards, 77, died from haemorrhagic diathesis due to warfarin toxicity after 84 days in a rural hospital. She had a prosthetic aortic valve requiring anticoagulation. INR monitoring was inadequate: no tests for 36 days (July 28–September 2), then readings of 8.9, 1.2, 8.1, and finally 12 before death. The visiting medical officer (sole GP) faced extreme workload (24/7 on-call, 2300 patients). After high INR readings, he reduced warfarin by only 1 mg to avoid prior over-correction experiences, rather than temporarily cessating or using vitamin K. Clinical lessons: INR should be monitored every 2–3 days during instability; warfarin management in elderly, isolated patients requires system support; point-of-care INR devices and computerised warning systems could assist rural practitioners. The coroner sympathetically concluded the GP provided reasonable care given circumstances, but identified opportunities for improved systems and monitoring protocols.

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Specialties

general practicehaematologypathology

Error types

medicationdelay

Drugs involved

warfarinphytomenadione

Clinical conditions

warfarin toxicityhaemorrhagic diathesisprosthetic aortic valveAlzheimer's type dementiahypertensionosteoporosisanaemiamild renal failure

Procedures

blood transfusionINR testing

Contributing factors

  • inadequate INR monitoring (no tests for 36 days between 28 July and 2 September)
  • suboptimal warfarin dose adjustment in response to high INR readings
  • excessive warfarin effect resulting in INR of 12 immediately before death
  • isolated rural setting with single GP managing 2300 patients and 28-bed hospital 24/7
  • fear of over-correction based on prior experience of INR dropping to 1.2 after complete cessation
  • practical difficulties obtaining blood test results over weekends
  • advanced age and dementia complicating management

Coroner's recommendations

  1. Department of Health to consider research on point-of-care INR testing devices to assist general practitioners in remote areas with anticoagulation therapy management.
  2. Department of Health to consider implementation of the Oasis project clinical information system management to provide automated warnings to clinicians when test results show hazardous INR levels, including guidance on management.
Full text

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