A 16-year-old boy with a 5-year history of depression, multiple suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation died by self-inflicted gunshot wound at school on 1 August 2001. He had been under psychiatric care for 10 months, prescribed citalopram, and had a 'no suicide contract' with his psychiatrist. Key clinical lessons: (1) early recognition of depression in adolescents—at age 11, the focus was on psychosocial stressors rather than diagnosing underlying depressive illness; (2) explicit inquiry about access to means of suicide, particularly firearms, when patients disclose suicidal methods; (3) critical re-evaluation of safety planning tools like 'no suicide contracts,' which may provide false reassurance; (4) escalation and intensive intervention following serious self-harm episodes; (5) multidisciplinary communication in adolescent psychiatry. The coroner found no grounds for criticism of the treating psychiatrist's management but noted the psychiatrist should have inquired about firearm access after learning Michael had mentioned a rifle as a suicide method.
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Specialties
psychiatrygeneral practiceforensic medicine
Error types
diagnosticcommunication
Drugs involved
citalopramdiazepam
Clinical conditions
major depressive illnesssuicidal ideationself-harm/self-injuryobsessional thoughts
Contributing factors
major depressive illness from age 11
parental separation and custody arrangements
lack of early psychiatric assessment and treatment in childhood
failure to inquire about access to firearms despite documented mention of rifle as suicide method
social worker's focus on psychosocial issues rather than underlying psychiatric illness in initial assessment
suicidal ideation and planning in weeks preceding death
recent rejection by peer (girl) to whom he had been confiding
obsessional thoughts and aggressive impulses expressed in final consultation
availability of father's rifle in home despite known suicide risk
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