Hypoglycaemic hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, due to massive liver necrosis, due to Hepatitis B and C infection
AI-generated summary
An 18-year-old remand prisoner died from acute liver failure secondary to Hepatitis B and C infection. He presented with fever and malaise on 15 February but was assessed only for boils and not thoroughly evaluated. Clinical staff did not obtain collateral information from correctional officers about the severity or duration of symptoms. He was found in a hypoglycaemic coma the next morning and transferred to hospital where he died four days later from massive hepatic necrosis. Key clinical lessons: the diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis can present atypically and rapidly progress; confirmation bias (focusing on obvious diagnosis of boils) prevented broader assessment; communication gaps between custodial and medical staff compromised clinical information; earlier transfer to hospital for diagnostic evaluation was delayed, though unlikely to have altered outcome. Systemic failures included failure to order liver function tests when hepatitis diagnosed, lack of structured assessment protocols for antiviral treatment eligibility, and inadequate medical record-keeping.
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Specialties
general practicegastroenterologyinfectious diseasesemergency medicineintensive carecorrectional healthforensic medicine
intubationmechanical ventilationcentral arterial line insertion
Contributing factors
acute flare of Hepatitis B and C infection
failure to order liver function tests when Hepatitis B and C diagnosed
incomplete clinical assessment on 15 February when patient presented unwell
confirmation bias focusing on skin boils rather than systemic illness
inadequate communication between correctional officers and medical staff regarding patient condition
delayed transfer to hospital for diagnostic evaluation
failure to recognise jaundice on examination on 16 February
no structured assessment process for antiviral treatment eligibility
Coroner's recommendations
Offender Health Services should review the availability of treatment for prisoners infected with viral Hepatitis to ensure reasonable endeavours are being made to contain the spread of this notifiable condition by treating its carriers while they are in custody
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