Coronial
NSWhospital

Inquest into the death of Elsie COGHILL

Deceased

Elsie Coghill

Demographics

0y, female

Coroner

Decision ofDeputy State Coroner Dillon

Date of death

2013-05-27

Finding date

2016-03-11

Cause of death

Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy caused by multiple factors including lung abnormality from antenatal distress, sudden unexpected apnoeic episode during transfer to intensive care, and undiagnosed bilateral tension pneumothoraces

AI-generated summary

Elsie Coghill, a newborn, died from hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy due to multiple factors including an underlying lung abnormality from antenatal distress, an undetected apnoeic episode during transfer, and undiagnosed bilateral tension pneumothoraces. The mother attempted VBAC (vaginal birth after caesarean) after an earlier planned elective caesarean was not completed when the patient presented at 40+ weeks. Vacuum delivery was prolonged but deemed appropriate. Critical gaps included: failure to follow planned antenatal care (elective caesarean not booked at 40 weeks), failure to call a paediatrician to delivery despite guidelines, inadequate observation during transfer to SCN, and lack of systematic protocols for instrumental deliveries. The pneumothoraces were undiagnosed until resuscitation was underway in SCN. While multiple factors were suboptimal, causation remains uncertain—the underlying lung abnormality and undetected apnoea during transfer appear central. Clinicians should ensure delivery plans are followed, follow institutional neonatal resuscitation guidelines regarding paediatrician presence, maintain close colour/respiratory observation during transfer, and implement checklists for instrumental deliveries.

AI-generated summary and tagging — may contain inaccuracies; refer to original finding for legal purposes. Report an inaccuracy.

Specialties

obstetricsneonatologypaediatricsanaesthesiamidwifery

Error types

communicationsystemdelay

Drugs involved

oxytocinepidural analgesiamorphineoxygen/positive pressure ventilation

Clinical conditions

hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathytension pneumothoraxlung abnormality secondary to antenatal hypoxiaapnoea of newbornfoetal distressmacrosomiavacuum delivery complicationsshoulder dystocia

Procedures

vacuum delivery (ventouse)episiotomyneonatal resuscitation with neopuffendotracheal intubationmechanical ventilation

Contributing factors

  • Failure to follow planned elective caesarean section at 40 weeks gestation
  • Prolonged vacuum delivery (24 minutes, exceeding RANZCOG guideline of 20 minutes and exceeding recommended pulls)
  • Failure to call on-call paediatrician to attend delivery despite local guidelines recommending this for instrumental deliveries
  • Inadequate observation and monitoring of infant during transfer to Special Care Nursery
  • Undetected apnoeic episode during transfer
  • Undiagnosed bilateral tension pneumothoraces
  • Underlying lung abnormality (likely from antenatal distress with aspiration of squamous cells)
  • Possible misplacement of endotracheal tube during resuscitation
  • Secondary resuscitation in SCN potentially exacerbating pneumothoraces

Coroner's recommendations

  1. Consider having autopsies in cases of unusual and unexpected newborn deaths in regional hospitals conducted by specialist perinatal/paediatric pathologists or by forensic and perinatal pathologists together to establish cause and manner of death
  2. Local Health District to introduce protocol placing MET team on immediate alert for unstable newborns or those with low to intermediate APGAR scores at five minutes to attend birthing unit
  3. Local Health District to develop from current protocols a short checklist of matters for instrumental deliveries with clear delineation of responsibility, with one person (RN or midwife) nominated to ensure checklist completion
  4. Coffs Harbour Centre for Women's Reproductive Care to revise forms and protocols to ensure instructions and plans made by clinicians are followed, using clear forms with unmistakable plans and chronology for follow-up
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